For any regular polygon, , where is the area of the polygon, is the length of the apothem, is the number of sides, and is the length of each side.
Given a circle inscribed in a regular polygon, the radius of that circle is equal to the apothem of the polygon.
is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
Constant multiple rule of limits
Proof[]
Construct a circle of radius . Construct an n-sided polygon such that the circle is inscribed in the polygon. Then the apothem of the polygon is equal to . Let represent the area of the circle and represent the area of the polygon. Let represent the perimeter of the polygon and represent the circumference of the circle. Then:
Further, let increase without bound. Then:
Since is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter: